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In France, a フランス語:voie ferrée d'intérêt local (VFIL; "Railway of Local Interest") is a secondary railway constructed by a local administrative division, serving sparsely populated rural areas. These areas were beyond the economic reach of the networks of the フランス語:''intérêt général'', which were concessions of the フランス語:''grandes compagnies'' ("Big Companies")〔By フランス語:''grandes compagnies'' is meant the principal railway companies, analogous to the Big Four British railway companies: * Chemin de Fer du Nord * Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée * Chemin de Fer de Paris à Orléans et du Midi * Chemins de fer de l'Est * Chemins de Fer de l'État * Chemins de Fer de l'Ouest * Réseau Ferroviaire d'Alsace-Lorraine These were nationalised on 1 January 1938, forming the SNCF.〕 who ran their lines for profit. ==Birth== The Prefect of the Bas-Rhin department, Monsieur Migneret, invented the VFIL concept. The first VFILs saw the light of day in Bas-Rhin in 1859, when the Act of 21 May 1836 came into force, defining the prefecture's powers over highways. This economical mode of transport piqued the interest of other departments, and became the object of an inquiry that led to a law being enacted on 12 July 1865.〔 This act authorised departments and communes to implement VFILs, either themselves or through concessions, with the State's assistance and control. Local bodies had a great deal of autonomy over both technical and financial planning. But the system was open to abuse: the law, in providing State subsidies of start-up capital, encouraged speculation; in many cases, schemes started with this capital were later abandoned because of technical difficulties.〔 The State had to restore good order to an anarchic situation and, in 1878, Charles de Freycinet, the new Minister of Public Works, gave France a vision of a comprehensive system of railways. He introduced rail transport, if not to every chef-lieu, at least to the regions still unconnected by train. De Freycinet then commissioned a two-part plan, known as the Plan Freycinet: * Plan A, enacted 17 July 1879, comprised the Big Companies' lines (the フランス語:''lignes d'intérêt général'' and others of medium importance).〔 * Plan B, never enacted, listed the フランス語:''lignes d'intérêt local'' concessions made under the provisions of the law of 12 July 1865, and their integration with the larger networks. These provisions did nothing to address regulated routes either planned or imagined by the departments to provide secondary connections (broadly, branch line service).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Voie ferrée d'intérêt local」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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